경제 관련 영어 표현은 토익(TOEIC), 토플(TOEFL), 공무원 시험, 편입 영어 등 다양한 시험에서 자주 등장합니다. 이번 글에서는 자주 출제되는 핵심 경제용어 10가지를 영어 뜻과 함께 예문으로 정리해드리겠습니다.
1. Inflation
뜻: 인플레이션, 물가 상승
- The government is trying to control inflation through interest rate adjustments.
- High inflation reduces the purchasing power of consumers.
- Food and energy prices are the main contributors to recent inflation.
2. Recession
뜻: 경기 침체
- The country went into a deep recession after the financial crisis.
- Many businesses closed during the recession due to reduced consumer spending.
- Experts warn that another recession may be coming if inflation continues to rise.
3. Interest Rate
뜻: 이자율
- The central bank raised the interest rate to combat inflation.
- Low interest rates can stimulate investment and borrowing.
- The mortgage became unaffordable after the interest rate increase.
4. GDP (Gross Domestic Product)
뜻: 국내총생산
- South Korea's GDP grew by 2.3% in the last quarter.
- GDP is often used to measure a country's economic performance.
- A sudden drop in GDP may indicate a recession is underway.
5. Supply and Demand
뜻: 수요와 공급
- Prices are determined by the law of supply and demand.
- When demand exceeds supply, prices tend to rise.
- Government policies can influence supply and demand in specific sectors.
6. Fiscal Policy
뜻: 재정 정책
- The government implemented a new fiscal policy to boost the economy.
- Fiscal policy includes changes in government spending and taxation.
- Expansionary fiscal policy is often used during a recession.
7. Deficit
뜻: 적자
- The budget deficit increased due to higher government spending.
- A trade deficit occurs when a country imports more than it exports.
- The government aims to reduce the deficit over the next five years.
8. Investment
뜻: 투자
- Many people consider real estate a safe investment.
- Investment in technology has grown rapidly in recent years.
- Foreign investment can help boost a developing economy.
9. Stock Market
뜻: 주식 시장
- The stock market reacted positively to the interest rate cut.
- Investors closely monitor the stock market for signs of economic recovery.
- The stock market experienced high volatility during the pandemic.
10. Unemployment Rate
뜻: 실업률
- The unemployment rate dropped to its lowest level in 10 years.
- High unemployment rates are often linked to economic downturns.
- Job creation programs aim to reduce the unemployment rate.
마무리 정리
이번 포스팅에서는 시험에 자주 나오는 경제용어 10가지를 영어 뜻과 함께 예문으로 정리해보았습니다. 각 용어마다 다양한 문맥 속 예문을 반복 학습하면 시험에서도 유리할 뿐 아니라 실전 영어 실력 향상에도 큰 도움이 됩니다.